I-Georeferencing ifayili ye-CAD

Nangona sisihloko esisisiseko kwabaninzi, ihlala ibonakala kuluhlu lokusasaza nakwimibuzo kuGoogle. Akumangalisi ukuba uyilo oluncediswa yikhompyuter lube phantsi kwendlela yobunjineli, eyokwakha kunye neyokwakha ixesha elide, ngelixa umba we-geospatial ubunobudlelwane obujolise ngakumbi kulawulo lomhlaba. Asinakuyityeshela loo nto yonke imihla zoqeqesho zombini ukuguqulwa, kwinqanaba lokuba ii-AutoCAD kunye ne-Microstation ziquka ukuguqulwa kwemihlaba njengento eqhelekileyo kwiinguqulelo zakutsha (AutoCAD 2009 phezulu AutoCAD 2012 y Microstation XM kwiV8i).

Nangona kunjalo Dwg okanye Dgn Banokuba ne-georeferefere ebonisiweyo kwiinkqubo zabo, xa bevulwa sisicelo se-GIS esingaveli kumenzi omnye, ithatha ukuba ifayile ayinayo indawo. Kule nto, ukubonwa kweefayile ze-CAD kuseluncedo kwiinkqubo zohlobo olunye, okwangoku. Inkqubo ye-GIS ayizukusebenza ukuba iyazibuza ukuba ifayile ikwiimoto ezingaqhelekanga okanye kwindawo engalunganga yeCartesian.

Makhe sibone ukuba nini, kutheni kwaye kunye ne-AutoCAD nangona kunjalo nanye nayiphi na inkqubo ye-CAD.

Kutheni i-georeferencing kwi-CAD inebunzima

Ngezizathu ezifanelekileyo, izicwangciso zokwakha zenziwe ngaphandle kokucinga malunga ne-georeferencing, kwaye oku kunezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

• Senza izicwangciso zokujonga ulungelelwaniso nescreen. Nangona kwilizwe lokwenyani isakhiwo sijikeleza ngokubhekisele kumantla e-geographic, xa sizobe asinamdla kangako kuloo nto, sikhetha ukujikeleza isimboli yangasentla kwindiza.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo izicwangciso zenziwe ngeenjongo zokwakha, ngoko sifuna iindlela zokuququzelela ukudala izicucu kunye neenkwenkwezi, kunye nokulungelelaniswa ekudalweni iindawo ukuprinta kufana nejometri.
• Nangona kukho iindlela ukwenza iinkqubo reference particularized, akunakusebenza ukuba ukusebenza kunye uhlenga encinane logic, ubuncinane xa zisenza izicwangciso phantsi format yakwaNtu xa phantse yonke into yenzelwe orthogonally.
• Xa sifuna ukwenza imephu yendawo, sidla ngokuba ngumfanekiso, iifoto okanye imephu ye-cadastral, sijikeleza kwaye siyilinganise ngenjongo yenkcazelo kodwa ngeembalwa ezimbalwa esicinga ukuba sisebenze kanye kweso sikhala.

"Ukusebenza ngokwenyani koyakhiwo kufuneka kuboniswe, ubukhulu becala, ekusebenzeni kwaso ngokwembono yomntu. Umsebenzi wezobuchwephesha awunako ukuchaza uyilo."

Alvar Aalto

Umyili wezakhiwo ndiyisebenzisa njengomzekelo

Kutheni i-georeferencing iyimfuneko

Indlela classic ukwenza izicwangciso zitshintshile, intshayelelo yokubumba kwenza ngcembe ukulungiselela iinkqubo imisebenzi apho into ukucinywa 3D okanye olungaphambili na japan ukusebenza.

Nangona oku kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kwiimeko ezininzi izicwangciso ziyaqhubeka ukwenziwa kwisicwangciso se-2D. Kodwa akufuneki silibale ukuba le ayinakuphinda ibuye, isidingo sokwenza oopopayi, uhlalutyo lwezinto eziguquguqukayo kunye nendlela ye-BIM eya isanda kubetheka Izicelo zeCAD, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Revit okanye ArchiCAD.

Yiyiphi i-georeferencing ithetha

Ukujongana nokuziphatha, ubuncinane ubuncinane imiba kufuneka icatshangelwe:

1.Seta iiyunithi zibe ziimitha.  Ukuba siza kuthumela kwinkqubo eqikelelweyo njenge-UTM, kuyakufuneka ukuba iiyunithi ziimitha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iinqwelomoya zinokutsalwa zisebenzisa iimilimitha okanye ii-intshi zenkqubo yesiNgesi njengeeyunithi.

Oku kwenziwa ngomyalelo units. Kwaye apho sitshintsha umboniso ukusuka kuhlobo loYilo ukuya kwiDesimali nakwiyunithi ukusuka kwi-intshi ukuya kwiimitha. Xa sisenza utshintsho siqaphela kwibar yewonga ukuba ifomu yokubonisa itshintsha njani, nangona kunjalo asitshintshanga isikali somzobo, kwaye ukuba silinganisela umnyango ekufuneka ulinganise u-2.30 ubonakala njengo-92 omele i-intshi ezimele u-7. '- 7 ".

Ngoko kufuneka ulinganise umzobo owodwa, kulo mzekelo ukulingana nokuguqula amasentimitha ukuya kwiimitha, kuya kuba yi-0.0254. 

• Umyalelo wenziwa Isixa, inqaku lokubhekisa likhethiweyo, umlinganiselo wesikalo ubhaliwe kwaye ke ukungena.

2. Hambisa ifayile kwi UTM ulungelelanise.

Kule nto, ulungelelwaniso lwendawo olwaziwayo luyafuneka, zinokufunyanwa nge-GPS, kwi-orthophoto ene-georeferenced, imephu ye-cadastral enesakhiwo esitsaliwe okanye kwimeko yokugqibela kuGoogle Earth enobungozi obuchazwa kukuchaneka kwayo. Kule meko, umzekelo, ndisebenzisa uGoogle Earth:

I1

X = 3,273,358.77

Y = 4,691,471.10

I2

X = 3,274,451.59

Y = 4,691,510.47

Sifaka ezi ngongoma ngomyalelo indawo. 

• Umyalelo ufakwe indawo, kwenziwa ukungena, ulungelelwano lubhaliwe kwifom ye3273358.77,4691471.10 kwaye yenziwa ukungena. 

Ngendlela efanayo kwelinye inqaku. Ke wonke umzobo esiza kuwuhambisa ukhethiwe:

• Myalelo shukuma, sicofa kwiqalo lokuqala elihambelana nekona lomdwebo ngaphandle kokuhamba, kwaye ngoko sibhala ukulungelelaniswa kwe-1; ukuba ungayibhala kwakhona sisebenzisa i-arrow cursor ukuya phezulu kwaye sibuyisele oko sitshintshile kwisinyathelo esedlule. 

Ngelo xesha ukungena, umzobo uya kuhamba kwindawo enomdla njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso. Kuya kufuneka sisebenzise lo myalelo ubukhulu bomda ukujonga. Okanye kwibhodibhodi z, faka, e, faka.

Ukuba asibukeli kakuhle kumaphuzu, sinokutshintsha ifomathi ngokusebenzisa umyalelo ddptype.

3. Jikelezisa umzobo

Ngoku into ekhoyo kukuba ujikeleze umzobo ukusuka kwikhowudi ekhohlo esiyazi ukuba ilungile.

• Zonke ezizojikelezwa zikhethiweyo, umyalelo ujikeleze, i-axis of rotation ibhalwe ngokuchofoza kwindawo ekhohlo (i-magenta point), ukhetho lukhethiweyo niselo, nqakraza kumacandelo amabini achaza i-vector rotation, kuqala kwindawo ye-magenta uze ube kwindawo ebomvu.

Eli nyathelo lifana nokusebenzisa umyalelo ojikelezayo kunye namanqaku amathathu oku-Microstation, nangona apha i-horizontal ithathwa njengesiseko.

Yiyiphi enye into eyenziwayo yokubandakanya i-georeferencing?

Ngale nto, ifayile ayikhange ibhekiswe ngaphambili. Into esiyenzileyo siyibeke kwinkqubo yolungelelwaniso eqikelelweyo, apho umantla wayo ungqamene nendawo ekumantla kunye nendawo ekuyo ne-UTM.

Ngamaxesha onke xa uyitsalela umnxeba kwisicelo se-GIS, le nkqubo iya kucela idatha efanayo ebonisa ingqikelelo kunye neDatum. Ukuba sithatha isigqibo sokwenza oku inkqubo yeGIS ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokulungiswa kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba kuya kwenza njalo imodeli, i Kuluhlu ziya kulahleka kunye ne-xml iimpawu xa ziphinde zithunyelwa kwi-dxf.

I-AutoCAD izisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba zendawo, ukuba siza kubona olunye usuku, kunye nokukhethwa kwe-georeference kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-Microstation.

4. Izalathiso zangaphandle

Ukwenza le nkqubo kunokuba ngeenjongo nje zethutyana zokwenza oopopayi be-3D, abanokwanela ukuthumela isicwangciso sokwakha. Ukuba sifuna ukuyenza njengenyathelo eliqinisekileyo lokugqibezela iiprojekthi ezikhoyo, kufuneka siqwalasele izingqinisiso zangaphandle-esiyisebenzisayo ukusindisa ukusebenza kunye neefayile ezinkulu okanye ukudibanisa abasebenzisi ezahlukeneyo-Kodwa oko kuthetha ukwahlulwa kweefayile ezifanayo kwindawo yokusebenza. Ukuba senza oku ngefayile, kuya kufuneka sizilungise nazo

Kwakhona into yokuba ngamanye amaxesha ifayile enye iyakopishwa ngaphakathi kwayo imodeli, ukunyathelisa injongo ... ngelixa ucinga ngokulahleka iindawo.

"Ngenye imini naphi na, naphi na bekuza ngokwakho, nokuba, kuphela, uyakwazi kuba ngabona bavuyayo okanye kakhulu krakra leeyure zakho."

Pablo Neruda

Ndiyazi, inxalenye yeso sikhundla sinako, isiphelo asikho nto emfutshane yokudaka; kodwa kungekudala okanye kamva kufuneka sikwenze, ngakumbi xa kuthengwa umthengi ofuna ukubona into enjengale: